Friday, May 18, 2012

Posts Tagged ‘Science’

Tissue Economies: Blood, Organs, and Cell Lines in Late Capitalism (Science and Cultural Theory)

Tissue Economies: Blood, Organs, and Cell Lines in Late Capitalism (Science and Cultural Theory)

As new medical technologies are developed, more and more human tissues—such as skin, bones, heart valves, embryos, and stem cell lines—are stored and distributed for therapeutic and research purposes. The accelerating circulation of human tissue fragments raises profound social and ethical concerns related to who donates or sells bodily tissue, who receives it, and who profits—or does not—from the transaction. Catherine Waldby and Robert Mitchell survey the rapidly expanding economies of exchange in human tissue, explaining the complex questions raised and suggesting likely developments. Comparing contemporary tissue economies in the United Kingdom and United States, they explore and complicate the distinction that has dominated practice and policy for several decades: the distinction between tissue as a gift to be exchanged in a transaction separate from the commercial market and tissue as a commodity to be traded for profit.

Waldby and Mitchell pull together a prodigious amount of research—involving policy reports and scientific papers, operating manuals, legal decisions, interviews, journalism, and Congressional testimony—to offer a series of case studies based on particular forms of tissue exchange. They examine the effect of threats of contamination—from HIV and other pathogens—on blood banks’ understandings of the gift/commodity relationship; the growth of autologous economies, in which individuals bank their tissues for their own use; the creation of the United Kingdom’s Stem Cell bank, which facilitates the donation of embryos for stem cell development; and the legal and financial repercussions of designating some tissues “hospital waste.” They also consider the impact of different models of biotechnology patents on tissue economies and the relationship between experimental therapies to regenerate damaged or degenerated tissues and calls for a legal, for-profit market in organs. Ultimately, Waldby and Mitchell conclude that scientific technologies, the globalization of tissue exchange, and recent anthropological, sociological, and legal thinking have blurred any strict line separating donations from the incursion of market values into tissue economies.

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Debating Science Issues – debate competition

Inter-school debate competition in Ireland, where secondary school students engage in discussion and debate on the cultural, societal and ethical implications of advances in biomedical science. 2010 finals in Dublin. Funded by a Wellcome Trust People Award and coordinated by 8 research, medical and science centres. See www.remedi.ie

How Science Changed Our World

BBC1 23 December 2010 Professor Robert Winston presents his top ten scientific breakthroughs of the past 50 years. Tracing these momentous and wide-ranging discoveries, he meets a real-life bionic woman, one of the first couples to test the male contraceptive pill, and even some of his early IVF patients. He explores the origins of the universe, probes the inner workings of the human mind and sees the most powerful laser in the world. To finish, Professor Winston reveals the breakthrough he thinks is most significant. The 10: Stem cell research Bio-mechanics The Contraceptive Pill Decoding the Human Genome The Internet IVF The laser The microchip MRI scanning Increasing Evidence for the Big Bang Vote here: www.bbc.co.uk
Video Rating: 4 / 5

Commercializing the Stem Cell Sciences (Biohealthcare Publishing Series on Pharma, Biotech and Bioscience: Science Technology)

Commercializing the Stem Cell Sciences (Biohealthcare Publishing Series on Pharma, Biotech and Bioscience: Science Technology)

This book offers a comparative analysis of the commercial models adopted in the global stem cell industries, focusing on case-studies of publicly available information about different companies around the world working on adapting stem cell technologies to market. The case-studies are used to highlight the different possible pipelines for developing stem cell technologies and the issues faced by companies in the competitive global market. Promising new developments in biomedical technology like stem cell science are widely endorsed by governments keen to reduce spiralling healthcare costs, clinicians focused on patient care and patients demanding revolutionary new treatments. The intersections between governments, healthcare settings and community demand are the environment in which companies are operating to secure a profit in a global marketplace. The key questions posed by this book include: Is there an optimum commercial model? And what can emerging companies learn from their predecessors? Extant research on the global stem cell bioeconomy has highlighted the ways that culture, ethics and national politics have influenced and shaped the commercial possibilities for companies entering into the stem cell market and what possibilities exist for negotiating these barriers. Key issues for commercialization in particular include raising money to conduct research, dealing with regulatory frameworks, developing an intellectual property portfolio, testing technologies in animals and patients, and securing market share. This book explores these issues in examining the future commercial development of the stem cell sciences. Each chapter includes in-depth discussion of case-studies of products undergoing development and the pathways to market that are being adopted. Explicitly focused on the question of commercial optimization, this project is the first of its kind to move beyond concerns about ethics and regulation to examine how products are actually being developed for market. The analysis is considered within a global context, with case-studies being drawn from a diverse range of countries that are commercialising stem cell products. This book features a strong comparative element in order to facilitate a focus on best practice within varied national contexts. Unlike other projects in the field that are focused on human applications only, this book includes discussion of non-human applications of stem cell therapies because this is one of the fastest growing commercial markets to date, and translation of successful products from animal uses to human uses is currently an revolutionary growth area.

List Price: $ 165.00

Price: $ 165.00

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